Dice the onion into small, uniform pieces and mince the garlic cloves. Measure out all the spices (chili powder, cumin, parsley, basil, salt, and pepper) into a small bowl so they're ready to add quickly once the meat hits the pan. This advance prep ensures smooth cooking and prevents burning spices.
Heat a large skillet over medium-high heat and add the ground beef, breaking it into small crumbles as it cooks. Once the beef is mostly browned (3-5 minutes), add the diced onion and cook for another 2-3 minutes until softened. Drain any excess fat from the pan—I like to tilt the pan and use a spoon to press the meat against the side, absorbing fat with a paper towel for a leaner dish. Add the minced garlic and stir constantly for about 30 seconds until fragrant.
Add the spice mixture from Step 1 to the cooked beef and stir well to coat everything, cooking for about 1 minute to toast the spices slightly and deepen their flavor. Pour in the diced tomatoes with their juice and bring the mixture to a boil over medium-high heat, then reduce to medium-low and simmer uncovered for 20-30 minutes. The longer simmer allows the spices to fully infuse into the sauce and the flavors to meld together beautifully.
Stir the sugar and corn into the simmered sauce from Step 3, mixing well. I find the sugar adds a subtle sweetness that balances the acidity of the tomatoes and brings all the flavors together. Simmer for another 2-3 minutes until the corn is heated through. Taste and adjust seasoning as needed.
Divide the cooked rice among serving bowls, then spoon the goulash generously over the top. Finish each bowl with a handful of shredded cheddar cheese, which will soften slightly from the heat of the goulash and add a creamy richness to the dish.